Roeterseilandcampus, Gebouw: G, Straat: Nieuwe Achtergracht 129-B, ruimte GS.04
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In spoken language, consonants carry more information about a word’s structure than vowels and have been claimed to influence lexical access, the process of retrieving words from the mental lexicon. Previous research revealed that individuals portrayed a consonant bias: they were more likely to change vowels than consonants when asked to change a non- word into a real word. This study tests whether age-related changes, particularly hearing loss, influence the consonant bias. Hearing loss can result in poorer consonant recognition and more lexical errors, as consonants are shown to be of more importance in facilitating lexical access. It was hypothesized that consonant bias in older adults might shift towards less vowel changes in the word reconstruction task, as vowel processing remains more stable with age. 59 Dutch participants, divided into the conditions ‘young’ (22-25) and ‘old’ (60-78), participated in a word reconstruction task where they had to correct a non-word into a real word by changing either one vowel or consonant sound. Additionally, participants’ hearing ability was assessed. A generalized linear mixed-effects model (GLMM) revealed that participants across all ages were more likely to alter a vowel than a consonant and portrayed consonant bias. No effects of age or hearing ability leading to different behavior in the word reconstruction task were found. Factors such as noise and cognitive compensatory mechanisms could possibly explain the found results and should be considered for future research on lexical access in relation to age.