Working memory and inhibitory control are two core executive functions that have been associated with aggressive behaviour. Previous research has indicated that inhibitory control plays a role in reactive aggression, while working memory may influence both reactive and proactive aggression. This study investigated whether inhibitory control mediates the relationship between working memory and both forms of aggression. It was hypothesized that lower levels of inhibitory control and impaired working memory would be associated with heightened levels of reactive aggression and lowered levels of proactive aggression. Additionally, it was hypothesized that impaired working memory would be associated with reduced inhibitory control and hence associated with heightened levels of reactive aggression and lowered levels of proactive aggression. Dutch participants (N=17) between 21-58 years completed a digital neuropsychological test battery and validated self-report questionnaires, including the Digit Span Task, Stop Signal Task, and the Reactive-Proactive Aggression Questionnaire. The results showed no significant relationships between working memory or inhibitory control and reactive and proactive aggression. Furthermore,  no mediating effect of inhibitory control was found. These findings suggest that the interactions between these two executive functions are more complex than previously assumed. This study highlights the need for alternative approaches to investigating the relationship between working memory, inhibitory control and reactive and proactive aggression. Future studies should include larger sample sizes and consider additional executive function, such as cognitive flexibility, to further explore these relationships.

Key words: aggression, mediation, working memory, inhibitory control