Social cognition encompasses processes such as recognizing emotions, interpreting social cues, and mentalizing, defined as understanding one’s own and others’ behaviour in terms of underlying mental states (e.g., feelings, desires, beliefs, and goals). Impairments in social cognition can contribute to difficulties in social interaction and communication. Individual differences in mentalizing may be related to self-construal, or how people view themselves in relation to others (e.g., independent vs. interdependent). Because culture can shape how social cues are expressed and interpreted, it is important to examine whether social cognition tasks are understood similarly and have comparable outcomes across diverse groups. This thesis investigated whether Dutch adults with and without a Turkish or Surinamese migration background differed in mentalizing ability, and whether self-construal (interdependent vs. independent) mediated this relationship. A total of 46 participants were included (24 without a migration background; 22 with a Turkish/Surinamese migration background). Mentalizing was assessed using the Movie for the Assessment of Social Cognition (MASC) and the Faux Pas test. Self-construal was measured using a Dutch version of the Self-Construal Scale. Hypotheses were tested using regression analyses, independent-samples t-tests, and bootstrapped mediation analyses (5,000 samples). Interdependent self-construal was not significantly associated with mentalizing performance. In addition, no significant group differences were found in interdependent self-construal, and self-construal did not mediate the relationship between migration background and mentalizing performance. Overall, these findings suggest that, in this sample, mentalizing performance did not differ between groups and was not explained by self-construal. At the same time, the findings highlight the importance of developing more culturally inclusive social cognition measures to ensure fair interpretation across diverse populations.