Interpersonal betrayal is prevalent and can have adverse psychological effects. However, the underlying mechanisms remain unclear. The present (cross-sectional) study explored whether self-misappraisals are linked to anxiety symptoms as well as the role of preoccupation with the betrayal as a mediator. The final sample included N = 66 UvA students. Self-misappraisals and preoccupation were measured using selected items from the POBS, whereas anxiety symptoms were assessed using the anxiety scale of the BSI. Results showed no direct relationship between self-misappraisals and anxiety symptoms. Still, preoccupation significantly mediated this relationship. These findings suggest that it may not be self-misappraisals alone that contribute to anxiety symptoms, but rather the preoccupation that plays a crucial role in that process. As the study was exploratory, further investigation is required to confirm and expand upon the findings.